Occurrence of Mycoplasmaspp. and Ureaplasmaspp. in genital specimens

Mycoplasmaspp. and Ureaplasmaspp. belong tohumans'genitourinary microbiota and sometimesare associated with infections of the genitourinarytract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of Mycoplasmaspp. and Ureaplasmaspp. in genital specimens from patients of the 15thRegional de Saúde of ParanáState, Brazil, and to correlate the results with clinical and laboratory data.A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted,based on the analysis of results of vaginal, endocervical, urine andurethral culture for mycoplasmas from patients attended in areference laboratory, from January 2009 to December 2016. We evaluated 2,475 results of culture for mycoplasmas. A total of 50.8% patients were positive for mycoplasmas. Of these, 76.8%had positive culture exclusively for Ureaplasmaspp. and 4.7% for Mycoplasmahominis. Both microorganisms were isolated in the microbiology culture of 18.5% of patients. Among the positive culture, 81.4% had significant concentrations.Bacterialvaginosis was the most common alteration observed in association with mycoplasmas.Thehigh positivity of cultures for mycoplasmas, especially Ureaplasmaspp. found in our study, highlightthe presence of these microorganisms in many of the genital tract disorders that can be sexually transmitted and, consequently, should not be neglected.

Apoptosis in HEp-2 cells infected with Ureaplasma diversum

BACKGROUND: Bacterial pathogens have many strategies for infecting and persisting in host cells. Adhesion, invasion and intracellular life are important features in the biology of mollicutes. The intracellular location ofUreaplasma diversum may trigger disturbances in the host cell. This includes activation or inhibition of pro and anti-apoptotic factors, which facilitate the development of host damage. The aim of the present study was to associate U. diversum infection in HEp-2 cells and apoptosis induction. Cells were infected for 72hs with four U. diversum clinical isolates and an ATCC strain. The U. diversuminvasion was analyzed by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and gentamicin invasion assay. The apoptosis was evaluated using pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic gene expression, and FITC Annexin V/Dead Cell Apoptosis Kit. RESULTS: The number of internalized ureaplasma in HEp-2 cells increased significantly throughout the infection. The flow cytometry analysis with fluorochromes to detect membrane depolarization and gene expression for caspase 2, 3 and 9 increased in infected cells after 24 hours. However, after 72 hours a considerable decrease of apoptotic cells was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggests that apoptosis may be initially induced by some isolates in association with HEp-2 cells, but over time, there was no evidence of apoptosis in the presence of ureaplasma and HEp-2 cells. The initial increase and then decrease in apoptosis could be related to bacterial pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPS). Moreover, the isolates of U. diversum presented differences in the studied parameters for apoptosis. It was also observed that the amount of microorganisms was not proportional to the induction of apoptosis in HEp-2 cells.

Factores de riesgo para las infecciones causadas por Ureaplasma diversum en vacas de un ambiente tropical / Risk factors for Ureaplasma diversum infections in cattle of a tropical environment

A case-control study, determined the influence of breed, age and number of deliveries as risk factors for Ureaplasma genital infections in Costa Rica dairy cattle. The animals with none or one delivery had a risk of infection 2.99 times higher than those with several parturition, regardless of breed. The risk was 1.95 times higher in Jersey than in Holstein, and decreased progressively until three deliveries. In cows with four deliveries there was a significant increase in the amount of animals infected and also a significant difference in the rate of infection between Holstein (27 per cent) and Jersey (64 per cent). Ureaplasma isolation was rare in cows with more than six deliveries

Enfermedades transmitidas sexualmente (ETS) en un grupo de adolescentes que asisten a un Instituto de Atención Perinatal / Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in a group of adolescents attending an Institute for Perinatal Attention

Los cambios en la vida social de la población han condicionado el inicio de la actividad sexual en etapas más tempranas de la vida mayor número de compañeros sexuales, situaciones que se han relacionado directamente con un incremento en la frecuencia de enfermedades transmitidas sexualmente (ETS). El objetivo del trabajo es informar la etiología de las ETS en un grupo de pacientes adolescentes del Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer). En el período de estudio se atendieron un total de 1360 pacientes en la clínica de ETS del INPer, de las cuales el 8.5 por ciento tuvieron menos de 20 años de edad, de ellas el 18.9 por ciento tenían el antecedente de una ETS previa. La patología más frecuente fue cervicovaginitis; los patógenos más comunes fueron: Candida sp, Gardnerella vaginalis y Ureaplasma urealyticum. No se identificó ningún caso de gonorrea y hubo tres pacientes con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH)

Pesquisa de micoplasma e ureaplasma no trato genital / Research of mycoplasma and ureaplasma in the genital tract

Ha uma preocupaçao constante em como isolar e diagnosticar micoplasmas. No presente trabalho apresentamos uma rotina que vem ao encontro das necessiadades edisponibilidades dos laboratorios de bacteriologia em nosso meio. Nao questionamos o papel patogenico dos citados microrganismos nas infecçoes do trato genital.

Aspectos clínicos y microbiológicos en la prostatitis crónica / Clinical and microbiological aspect in the chronic prostatitis

Se evaluaron 163 pacientes con edades comprendidas entre 21 y 66 años diagnóstico clínico y microbiológico de prostatitis crónica siguiendo los criterios de Meares-Staney. En 98 pacientes (60.1%) se diagnosticó prostatitis crónica bacteriana (PCB) y en 65 pacientes (39.9%) prostatitis crónica bacteriana (PCA). Las principales manifestaciones clínicas fueron trastornos urinarios bajos irritativos (TUB) y de la esfera seminal-sexual. El microorganismo más frecuente identificado fue E.coli en 15 pacientes (15.3%), Ureaplasma en 12 pacientes (12.2%), Enterobacter sp en 10 (10.2%) y Proteus mirabilis en 9 pacietes (9.2%). Los microorganismos causantes de ETS se identificaron en 38 casos (38.8%) lo que resulta significativo. El 38.1% de las cepas de Enterobacterias aisladas fue resistente a la combinación Sulfa-Trimetoprin que es el producto más usado en el tratamiento de la prostatitis. No hubo resistencia a la enoxacina ni a ciproxina, productos que pueden ser alternativas en el tratamiento de esta afección

Micoplasma / Mycoplasma

O artigo revê os dados publicados mais recentemente a propósito do Micoplasma, visto sob prisma Tocoginecológico

Aspectos clínico-microbiológicos del Ureplasma urealyticum / Clinic and microbiological aspects of Ureoplasma urealyticum

Los micoplasmas revisten gran importancia clínica, por haberse reconocido su papel patógeno en entidades clínicas como neumonía atípica primaria, uretritis no gonocócica e infecciones cervicovaginales de la mujer en etapa sexual activa. En Europa durante el siglo XVIII, se presentó en el ganado una enfermedad pulmonar altamente contagiosa, a la cual se denominó pleuroneumonía. Sin embargo, fue hasta 1898 cuando Nocard y Roux lograron aislar el agente causal de esta enfermedad sin saber que se trataba de Mycoplasma mycoides. Las colonias poducidas en el medio de cultivo, se apreciaban muy pequeñas, pleomórficas y se teñían débilmente con los colorantes habituales. Con el paso del tiempo se siguieron observando algunos gérmenes, cuya morfología y propiedades de cultivo eran semejantes. Las fuentes de estos aislamientos fueron muy diversas. Al principio y de manera abreviada se les denominó PPLO (Pleuropneumoniae like organisms) por su similitud con agentes productores de pleuroneumonía bovina